Utilizing Multiple PCM Reservoirs for Electrical Power Generation in a Concentrated Solar Power Facility

Abstract

Global warming represents an imminent and pervasive threat to our planet. One abundant and sustainable energy source available to counteract this crisis is solar energy. However, harnessing and efficiently converting this energy into usable forms, such as thermal or electrical power, poses a formidable challenge for scientists and engineers alike. Solar power plants, which convert the sun's radiance into electricity, are hampered by their reliance on daylight hours. Yet, by developing the means to store solar energy, it can extend its availability well into the night, mitigating the time-dependent limitations inherent to solar thermal power plants. The solution to this dilemma lies in the realm of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) technology, which capitalizes on phase change materials (PCMs). PCMs are adept at storing and releasing energy. Initially, they exist in a solid state, absorbing and accumulating heat energy. When required, they transition to a liquid state, releasing stored heat. During nighttime or periods of reduced solar radiation, they revert to their solid state, making them exceptionally suitable for energy storage applications. This study leverages the concentrated solar power (CSP) technology known for its superior efficiency. The core innovation involves the integration of PCM materials, specifically three-phase alternating material reservoirs with distinct melting points arranged in series. A meticulous thermodynamic analysis was conducted to determine the optimal mass flow rate of the heat transfer fluid originating from the lower-temperature PCM reservoir. It is imperative to note that all processes in this endeavour adhere to the ideals of thermodynamic efficiency. This research marks a crucial step toward the widespread adoption of sustainable energy solutions, aiming to combat global warming while ensuring a reliable energy supply.